Clarifying the Role of E-Government Trust in E-Government Success Models: A Meta-analytic Structural Equation Modeling Approach
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.3127/ajis.v27i0.4079Keywords:
Information system success, e-government trust, MASEM, Meta-analysis, SEM, Meta-analytic structural equation modelingAbstract
E-government implementation success is of critical importance for nations. Prior information systems (IS) success models emphasize the effects of information quality, service quality, system quality, and user satisfaction but do not consider e-government trust. This study incorporates e-government trust into the IS success model and empirically tests the model on empirical findings reported in 67 prior studies using meta-analysis methods and structural equation modeling. Our analysis shows that: a) information quality, service quality, system quality, and user satisfaction influence e-government trust, and b) system use mediates the effect of e-government trust on intention to use e-government systems in the future.
References
Adams, D. A., Nelson, R. R., & Todd, P. A. (1992). Perceived usefulness, ease of use, and usage of information technology: A replication. MIS Quarterly, 16(2), 227-247.
Agarwal, R., & Karahanna, E. (2000). Time flies when you're having fun: Cognitive absorption and beliefs about information technology usage. MIS Quarterly, 24(4), 665-694.
Agarwal, R., & Prasad, J. (1997). The role of Innovation Characteristics and Perceived Voluntariness in the Acceptance of Information Technologies. Decision Sciences, 28(3), 557-582.
AlBar, A. M., & Hddas, M. A. (2018). Exploring Saudi citizens’ acceptance of Mobile government service. International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications, 9(11), 397–400. https://doi.org/10.14569/ijacsa.2018.091156
Alharbi, N., Papadaki, M., & Dowland, P. (2017). The impact of security and its antecedents in behaviour intention of using e-government services. Behaviour & Information Technology, 36(6), 620–636.
Al-Hujran, O., Al-Debei, M. M., Chatfield, A., & Migdadi, M. (2015). The imperative of influencing citizen attitude toward e-government adoption and use. Computers in Human Behavior, 53, 189–203.
Alkraiji, A. I. (2020). Citizen Satisfaction with Mandatory E-Government Services: A Conceptual Framework and an Empirical Validation. IEEE Access, 8, 117253–117265.
Alkraiji, A. I. (2021). An examination of citizen satisfaction with mandatory e-government services: comparison of two information systems success models. Transforming Government: People, Process and Policy, 15(1), 36–58. https://doi.org/10.1108/TG-01-2020-0015
Almarabeh, T., & AbuAli, A. (2010). A general framework for E-government: Definition maturity challenges, opportunities, and success. European Journal of Scientific Research, 39(1), 29–42.
Al-Omairi, L., Al-Samarraie, H., Alzahrani, A. I., & Alalwan, N. (2020). Students’ intention to adopt e-government learning services: a developing country perspective. Library Hi Tech, 39(1), 308–334.
Alqaralleh, B. A. Y., Al-Omari, A. H., & Alksasbeh, M. Z. (2020). An integrated conceptual model for m-government acceptance in developing countries: The case study of Jordan. International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies, 14(6), 115–136. https://doi.org/10.3991/IJIM.V14I06.11449
Al-Rawahna, A. S. M., Chen, S.-C., & Hung, C.-W. (2018). The barriers of e-government success: An empirical study from Jordan. International Journal of Managing Public Sector Information and Communication Technologies, 9(2), 1–18.
Alruwaie, M., El-Haddadeh, R., & Weerakkody, V. (2020). Citizens’ continuous use of eGovernment services: The role of self-efficacy, outcome expectations and satisfaction. Government Information Quarterly, 37(3), 101485.
Alryalat, M. A. A., Rana, N. P., & Dwivedi, Y. K. (2015). Citizen’s adoption of an e-government system: Validating the extended theory of reasoned action (TRA). International Journal of Electronic Government Research, 11(4), 1–23.
Alshaher, A. (2021). IT capabilities as a fundamental of electronic government system success in developing countries from users perspectives. Transforming Government: People, Process and Policy, 15(1), 129–149. https://doi.org/10.1108/TG-05-2020-0080
Al-Sulami, Z. A., & Hashim, H. S. (2018). Measuring the success of e-government systems: Applying the success model of the DeLone and McLean information system. Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology, 96(22), 7654–7670.
Al-Zahrani, M. S. (2020). Integrating IS success model with cybersecurity factors for e-government implementation in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering, 10(5), 4937–4955.
https://doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v10i5.pp4937-4955
Angelopoulos, S., Kitsios, F., & Papadopoulos, T. (2010). New service development in e‐government: identifying critical success factors. Transforming Government: People, Process and Policy, 4(1), 95-118.
Anthopoulos, L., Reddick, C. G., Giannakidou, I., & Mavridis, N. (2016). Why e-government projects fail ? An analysis of the Healthcare.gov website. Government Information Quarterly, 33(1), 161–173. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.giq.2015.07.003
Anwer, M. A., Esichaikul, V., Rehman, M., & Anjum, M. (2016). E-government services evaluation from citizen satisfaction perspective: A case of Afghanistan. Transforming Government: People, Process and Policy, 10(1), 139–167.
Azam, A., Qiang, F., & Abdullah, M. I. (2013). Determinants of e-government services adoption in Pakistan: an integrated model. Electronic Government, an International Journal, 10(2), 105–124.
Bannister, F., & Connolly, R. (2011). Trust and transformational government: A proposed framework for research. Government Information Quarterly, 28(2), 137–147.
Bentler, P.M. & Bonett, D.G. (1980). Significance Tests and Goodness of Fit in the Analysis of Covariance Structures. Psychological Bulletin, 88(3), 588-606.
Bhattacherjee, A., & Sanford, C. (2009). The Intention-Behavior gap in Technology Usage: The moderating role of attitude strength. Behaviour & Information Technology, 28(4), 389-401.
Browne, M.W. & Cudeck, R. (1993). Single Sample Cross-Validation Indices for Covariance Structures. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 24(4), 445-455.
Carter, L., & Bélanger, F. (2005). The utilization of e-government services: Citizen trust, innovation and acceptance factors. Information Systems Journal, 15(1), 5–25.
Davis, F. D. (1989). Perceived Usefulness, Perceived Ease of Use, and User Acceptance of Information Technology. MIS Quarterly, 13(3), 319–340.
Davis, F. D., Bagozzi, R. P., & Warshaw, P. R. (1989). User Acceptance of Computer Technology: A comparison of two theoretical models. Management Science, 35(8), 982-1003.
DeLone, W. H., & McLean, E. R. (1992). Information systems success: The quest for the dependent variable. Information Systems Research, 3(1), 60–95.
DeLone, W. H., & Mclean, E. R. (2003). The DeLone and McLean Model of Information Systems Success: A Ten-Year Update. Journal of Management Information Systems, 19(4), 9-30.
Eid, R., Selim, H., & El-Kassrawy, Y. (2020). Understanding citizen intention to use m-government services: an empirical study in the UAE. Transforming Government: People, Process and Policy, 15(4), 463-482.
Farias, P., Goldsmith, S., Flumian, M., Mendoza, G., Wiseman, J. & Zanabria, G. (2017). Governments that Serve: Innovations that Improve Service Delivery to Citizens. Inter-American Development Bank, Washington D.C, USA.
Fishbein, M., & Ajzen, A. (1980). Understanding Attitudes and Predicting Social Behaviour. Prentice-Hall. Inc., Englewood Cliffs, NJ, USA.
Fukuyama F. (1995). The Social Virtues and the Creation of Prosperity. Free Press, London, UK.
Gilbert, D., Balestrini, P., & Littleboy, D. (2004). Barriers and benefits in the adoption of e-government. The International Journal of Public Sector Management, 17(4/5), 286–301.
Gonzalez, P., Adenso-Diaz, B., & Gemoets, L. A. (2010). A Cross-National Comparison E-government Success Measures: A Theory-Based Empirical Research. In Proceedings of the 16th Americas Conference on Information Systems (AMCIS 2010), pp. 1–10. Lima, Peru. https://aisel.aisnet.org/amcis2010/354
Gotoh, R. (2009). Critical factors increasing user satisfaction with e-government services. Electronic Government, an International Journal, 6(3), 252-264.
Gupta, P. J., & Suri, P. (2017). Measuring public value of e-governance projects in India: citizens’ perspective. Transforming Government: People, Process and Policy, 11(2), 236-261.
Hariguna, T., Lai, M.-T., Hung, C.-W., & Chen, S.-C. (2017). Understanding information system quality on public e-government service intention: An empirical study. International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology and Maintenance and Reliability. Human Behavior, 11(3), 271–290.
Hossan, C., & Ryan, J. (2016). Factors Affecting e-Government Technology Adoption Behaviour in a Voluntary Environment. International Journal of Electronic Government Research, 12(1), 24–49. https://doi.org/10.4018/Ijegr.2016010102
Hunter, J. E., & Schmidt, F. L. (2004). Methods of meta-analysis: Correcting error and bias in research findings. Sage Publishing, Thousand Oaks, CA, USA.
Ibrahim, O. A., & Zakaria, N. H. (2016). E-government services in developing countries: A success adoption model from employees perspective. Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology, 94(2), 383–396.
Idoughi, D., & Abdelhakim, D. (2018). Developing Countries E-Government Services Evaluation Identifying and Testing Antecedents of Satisfaction Case of Algeria. International Journal of Electronic Government Research (IJEGR), 14(1), 63–85.
Jackson, C. M. (1997). Toward an understanding of the Behavioral Intention to use an Information System. Decision Sciences, 28(2), 357-389.
Jeyaraj, A., & Dwivedi, Y. K. (2020). Meta-analysis in information systems research: Review and recommendations. International Journal of Information Management, 55(December), 102226.
Kafaji, M. A. (2013). Evaluating the roll of service quality as a mediator on user satisfaction in e-government applications. Problems of Management in the 21st Century, 8, 55. http://oaji.net/articles/2014/450-1397905708.pdf
Kamarudin, S., Omar, S. Z., Zaremohzzabieh, Z., Bolong, J., & Osman, M. N. (2021). Factors predicting the adoption of e-government services in telecenters in rural areas: The mediating role of trust. Asia-Pacific Social Science Review, 21(1), 20–38.
Karavasilis, I., Vrana, V., & Zafiropoulos, K. (2016). An Extended Model of E-Government Adoption by Civil Servants in Greece. International Journal of Electronic Government Research, 12(1), 1–23.
Kelly, B., & Vidgen, R. (2005). A quality framework for web site quality: user satisfaction and quality assurance. Paper presented at the 14th international conference on World Wide Web 2005, May 10-14, Chiba, Japan, pp. 930–93. https://doi.org/10.1145/1062745.1062803
Konradt, U., Nerdinger, F. W., & Ellwart, T. (2016). A Model for Usability in E-Commerce Services: Theoretical Concept and Empirical Evidence. In Encyclopedia of E-Commerce Development, Implementation, and Management, pp. 2332-2343, IGI Global, Hershey, PE, USA.
Kumar, V., Mukerji, B., & Butt, I. (2007). Factors for Successful E Government Adoption: A Conceptual Framework. Electronic Journal of E-government, 5(1), 63-76.
Kumar, R., Sachan, A., Mukherjee, A., & Kumar, R. (2018). Factors influencing e-government adoption in India: a qualitative approach. Digital Policy, Regulation and Governance, 20(5), 413–433.
Lai, C. S. K., & Pires, G. (2010). Testing of a Model Evaluating e‑Government Portal Acceptance and Satisfaction. Electronic Journal of Information Systems Evaluation, 13(1), 35-46.
Law, M., Kwok, R. C., & Ng, M. (2016). An extended online purchase intention model for middle-aged online users. Electronic Commerce Research and Applications, 20, 132-146.
Layne, K., & Lee, J. (2001). Developing fully functional E-government: A four stage model. Government Information Quarterly, 18(2), 122–136.
Lee, A., & Levy, Y. (2014). The effect of information quality on trust in e-government systems' transformation. Transforming Government: People, Process and Policy, 8(1), 76-100.
Lewis, J. D., & Weigert, A. (1985). Trust as a social reality. Social Forces, 63(4), 967-985.
Limayem, M., Hirt, S. G., & Cheung, C. M. K. (2007). How Habit limits the predictive power of Intention: The case of Information Systems Continuance. MIS Quarterly, 31(4), 705-737.
Luhmann, N. (1988). Trust: Making and Breaking Cooperative Relations in Gambetta, D. (ed.) Familiarity, Confidence, Trust: Problems and Alternatives, pp. 94–107, Blackwell, New York, USA.
MacLean, D., & Titah, R. (2022). A Systematic Literature Review of Empirical Research on the Impacts of e‐Government: A Public Value Perspective. Public Administration Review, 82(1), 23-28. https://doi.org/10.1111/puar.13413
Mansoori, K. A. A., Sarabdeen, J., & Tchantchane, A. L. (2018). Investigating Emirati citizens’ adoption of e-government services in Abu Dhabi using modified UTAUT model. Information Technology & People, 31(2), 455–481. https://doi.org/10.1108/ITP-12-2016-0290
Mellouli, M., Bouaziz, F., & Bentahar, O. (2020). E-government success assessment from a public value perspective. International Review of Public Administration, 25(3), 153–174. https://doi.org/10.1080/12294659.2020.1799517
Mensah, I. K. (2019). Predictors of Electronic Government Services Adoption: The African Students’ Perspective in China. International Journal of Public Administration, 42(12), 997–1009.
Mensah, I. K., & Mi, J. (2017). Electronic government services adoption: The moderating impact of perceived service quality. International Journal of Electronic Government Research, 13(3), 38–54. https://doi.org/10.4018/IJEGR.2017070103
Mensah, I. K., & Mi, J. (2018). An empirical investigation of the impact of demographic factors on E-government services adoption. International Journal of E-Services and Mobile Applications, 10(2), 17–35. https://doi.org/10.4018/IJESMA.2018040102
Meuter, M. L., A. L. Ostrom, R. I. Roundtree, & M. J. Bitner (2000). Self-service technologies: understanding customer satisfaction with technology-based service encounters. Journal of Marketing, 64(3), 50-64.
Morgeson, F. v., Vanamburg, D., & Mithas, S. (2011). Misplaced trust? Exploring the structure of the e-government-citizen trust relationship. Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, 21(2), 257–283.
Mun, Y. Y., Yoon, J. J., Davis, J. M., & Lee, T. (2013). Untangling the antecedents of initial trust in Web-based health information: The roles of argument quality, source expertise, and user perceptions of information quality and risk. Decision Support Systems, 55(1), 284-295.
Nawafleh, S. (2018). Factors affecting the continued use of e-government websites by citizens: An exploratory study in the Jordanian public sector. Transforming Government: People, Process and Policy,17 (1), 1-17.
Nielsen, J. (1999). Designing Web Usability: The Practice of Simplicity. New Riders Publishing, Thousand Oaks, CA, USA.
Nielsen, M. M. (2016). E-governance and stage models: analysis of identified models and selected Eurasian experiences in digitising citizen service delivery. Electronic Government, an International Journal, 12(2), 107–141.
https://doi.org/10.1504/EG.2016.076132
Nielsen, M.M. (2019).Tutorial: How to Create an Ecosystem and Framework for Digital Public Sector Service Delivery. Sixth International Conference on eDemocracy & eGovernment (ICEDEG), Quito, Ecuador, pp. 6-9, doi: 10.1109/ICEDEG.2019.8734336.
Nielsen, M.M. (2021). The Untapped Potential: The Inclusive, Personal and Co-created Public Service Experience in Europe. In Musiał-Karg, M., Luengo, Ó.G. (eds). Digitalization of Democratic Processes in Europe. Studies in Digital Politics and Governance. Springer Publishing Company, Cham, Switzerland. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-71815-2_13
Noor, Z. M., Kasimin, H., Aman, A., & Sahari, N. (2011). An adoption model of electronic government services in Malaysia: Electronic labor exchange (ELX). Jurnal Pengurusan, 33, 87–97. https://doi.org/10.17576/pengurusan-2011-33-07
Norris, D. F., & Moon, M. J. (2005). Advancing e‐government at the grassroots: tortoise or hare?. Public Administration Review, 65(1), 64-75.
Obaid, Q. M. S., & Ahmad, M. F. (2021). The linkage between e government and citizens’ satisfaction in UAE. Annals of the Romanian Society for Cell Biology, 25(1), 3118–3130.
Papadopoulou P., Nikolaidou M. & Martakos D. (2010).What Is Trust in E-Government? A Proposed Typology. Proceedings of 43rd Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, Honolulu, HI, USA, 2010, pp. 1-10, doi: 10.1109/HICSS.2010.491.
Park, S., Choi, Y. T., & Bok, H. S. (2013). Does better e-readiness induce more use of e-government? Evidence from the Korean central e-government. International Review of Administrative Sciences, 79(4), 767-789.
Piehler, R., Wirtz, B., & Daiser, P. (2016). An Analysis of Continuity Intentions of eGovernment Portal Users. Public Management Review, 18(2), 163–198.
https://doi.org/10.1080/14719037.2014.965270
Qasim Nidawy, B. al, Sidek, S., Ali Al-shami, S., & Elzamly, A. (2020). E-government trust model (EGOV-TRUST) that enhances the usage of e-government services among users in Iraq. Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology, 15(3), 402-418.
Rana, N. P., Dwivedi, Y.K. , & Williams, M. D. (2013). Evaluating the Validity of IS Success Models for the Electronic Government Research: An Empirical Test and Integrated Model. International Journal of Electronic Government Research, 9 (3), 1–22. https://doi.org/10.4018/jegr.2013070101.
Rana, N. P., & Dwivedi, Y. K. (2015). Citizen’s adoption of an e-government system: Validating extended social cognitive theory (SCT). Government Information Quarterly, 32(2), 172–181. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.giq.2015.02.002
Rana, N. P., Dwivedi, Y. K., & Williams, M. D. (2015). A meta-analysis of existing research on citizen adoption of e-government. Information Systems Frontiers, 17(3), 547–563.
Roseth, B., & Reyes, A.(2017). Wait No More: Citizens, Red Tape, and Digital Government: Caribbean Edition. Inter-American Development Bank, Washington D.C., USA. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0002080
Sabherwal, R., Jeyaraj, A., & Chowa, C. (2006). Information System Success: Individual and Organizational Determinants. Management Science, 52(12), 1849-1864.
Sachan, A., Kumar, R., & Kumar, R. (2018). Examining the impact of e-government service process on user satisfaction. Journal of Global Operations and Strategic Sourcing, 11(3), 321-336.
Salaun, Y., & Flores, K. (2001). Information quality: meeting the needs of the consumer. International Journal of Information Management, 21(1), 21-38.
Santa, R., MacDonald, J. B., & Ferrer, M. (2019). The role of trust in e-Government effectiveness, operational effectiveness and user satisfaction: Lessons from Saudi Arabia in e-G2B. Government Information Quarterly, 36(1), 39–50.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.giq.2018.10.007
Savoldelli, A., Codagnone, C., & Misuraca, G. (2014). Understanding the e-government paradox: Learning from literature and practice on barriers to adoption. Government Information Quarterly, 31, S63-S71.
Shahzad, F., Xiu, G., Shafique Khan, M. A., & Shahbaz, M. (2020). Predicting the adoption of a mobile government security response system from the user’s perspective: An application of the artificial neural network approach. Technology in Society, 62(June 2019). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techsoc.2020.101278
Sharma, R., & Mishra, R. (2017). Investigating the role of intermediaries in adoption of public access outlets for delivery of e-Government services in developing countries: An empirical study. Government Information Quarterly, 34(4), 658-679.
Shuib, L., Yadegaridehkordi, E., & Ainin, S. (2019). Malaysian urban poor adoption of e-government applications and their satisfaction. Cogent Social Sciences, 5(1), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311886.2019.1565293
Singh, H., Grover, P., Kar, A. K., & Ilavarasan, P. V. (2020). Review of performance assessment frameworks of e-government projects. Transforming Government: People, Process and Policy, 14(1), 31-64. https://doi.org/10.1108/TG-02-2019-0011
Stefanovic, D., Marjanovic, U., Delić, M., Culibrk, D., & Lalic, B. (2016). Assessing the success of e-government systems: An employee perspective. Information & Management, 53(6), 717–726.
Sternstein, A. (2010). Study links online transparency efforts, trust in government. NextGov, February 16, 2010. https://www.nextgov.com/cxo-briefing/2010/02/study-links-online-transparency-efforts-trust-in-government/45965/
Sztompka, P. (1998). Trust, distrust and two paradoxes of democracy. European Journal of Social Theory, 1(1), 19-32.
Taylor, S., & Todd, P. (1995). Understanding Information Technology Usage: A Test of Competing Models. Information Systems Research, 6(2), 144-176.
Teo, T. S. H., Srivastava, S. C., & Jiang, L. (2008). Trust and electronic government success: An empirical study. Journal of Management Information Systems, 25(3), 99–132.
UNDESA (2004). Global E-government Readiness Report 2004 Towards Access for Opportunity. https://publicadministration.un.org/egovkb/en-us/Reports/UN-E-Government-Survey-2004 (Accessed: 1 January 2022).
UNDESA (2016) E-Government in Support of Sustainable Development. UNITED NATIONS. Available at: https://publicadministration.un.org/egovkb/en-us/reports/un-e-government-survey-2016 (Accessed: 3 January 2022).
UNDESA (2018). Gearing E-Government to Support Transformation Towards Sustainable and Resilient Societies. Available at: https://publicadministration.un.org/egovkb/en-us/Reports/UN-E-Government-Survey-2018 (Accessed: 1 January 2022).
Valle-Cruz, D. (2019). Public value of e-government services through emerging technologies. International Journal of Public Sector Management, 32(5), 473–488.
Van Slyke, C., Ilie, V., Lou, H., & Stafford, T. (2007). Perceived critical mass and the adoption of a communication technology. European Journal of Information Systems, 16, 270-283.
Veeramootoo, N., Nunkoo, R., & Dwivedi, Y. K. (2018). What determines success of an e-government service? Validation of an integrative model of e-filing continuance usage. Government Information Quarterly, 35(2), 161–174.
Venkatesh, V., Morris, M. G., Davis, G. B., & Davis, F. D. (2003). User Acceptance of information technology: Toward A Unified View. MIS Quarterly, 27(3), 425–478.
Venkatesh, V., Thong, J. Y. L., Chan, F. K. Y., Hu, P. J. H., & Brown, S. A. (2011). Extending the two-stage information systems continuance model: Incorporating UTAUT predictors and the role of context. Information Systems Journal, 21(6), 527–555.
Wang, C., & Teo, T. S. H. (2020). Online service quality and perceived value in mobile government success: An empirical study of mobile police in China. International Journal of Information Management, 52(January), 102076.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2020.102076
Wang, Y. S., & Liao, Y. W. (2008). Assessing eGovernment systems success: A validation of the DeLone and McLean model of information systems success. Government Information Quarterly, 25(4), 717–733.
Wang, Y. J., Hernandez, M. D., & Minor, M. S. (2010). Web aesthetics effects on perceived online service quality and satisfaction in an e-tail environment: The moderating role of purchase task. Journal of Business Research, 63(9-10), 935-942.
Warkentin, M., Gefen, D., Pavlou, P. A., & Rose, G. M. (2002). Encouraging citizen adoption of e-government by building trust. Electronic Markets, 12(3), 157-162.
Warshaw, P. R., & Davis, F. D. (1985). Disentangling behavioral intention and behavioral expectation. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 21(3), 213-228.
Weerakkody, V., El-Haddadeh, R., Al-Sobhi, F., Shareef, M. A., & Dwivedi, Y. K. (2013). Examining the influence of intermediaries in facilitating e-government adoption: An empirical investigation. International Journal of Information Management, 33(5), 716–725.
Weerakkody, V., Irani, Z., Lee, H., Hindi, N., & Osman, I. (2014). A Review of the Factors Affecting User Satisfaction in Electronic Government Services. International Journal of Electronic Government Research, 10(4), 21–56.
Weerakkody, V., Irani, Z., Lee, H., Hindi, N., & Osman, I. (2016). Are U.K. Citizens Satisfied With E-Government Services? Identifying and Testing Antecedents of Satisfaction. Information Systems Management, 33(4), 331–343.
West, D. M. (2004). E‐government and the transformation of service delivery and citizen attitudes. Public Administration Review, 64(1), 15-27.
Whitener, E.M. (1990). Confusion of Confidence Intervals and Credibility Intervals in Meta-Analysis. Journal of Applied Psychology, 75(3), 315-321.
Wu, J., & Lederer, A. (2009). A Meta-Analysis of the role of Environment-based Voluntariness in Information Technology Acceptance. MIS Quarterly, 33(2), 419-432.
Wu, J., & Du, H. (2012). Toward a better understanding of Behavioral Intention and System Usage constructs. European Journal of Information Systems, 21(6), 680-698.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
AJIS publishes open-access articles distributed under the terms of a Creative Commons Non-Commercial and Attribution License which permits non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and AJIS are credited. All other rights including granting permissions beyond those in the above license remain the property of the author(s).
